5 most SADISTIC gangs of the Soviet Union. After the turn of the century, the economy of Russia has begun to improve greatly, due to major investments and business development and also due to high prices of natural resources. Changes were needed in a hurry for 1982 had witnessed the country's worst economic performance since World War II, with real GDP growth at almost zero percent. Workers who fulfilled the monthly production quota set by the Soviet government were honored by placing their respective names on the factory's Roll of Honor. The anti-religious course pursued by Khrushchev was toned down by the Brezhnev/Kosygin leadership, with most Orthodox churches being staffed by docile clergy often tied to the KGB. The first president of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the well-known scientist, geologist Alexander Karpinsky, who previously held the presidency of the Russian Academy of Sciences. [83], The Soviet Union sought an official acceptance of the state borders drawn up in post-war Europe by the United States and Western Europe. By Brezhnev's death in 1982, Soviet economic growth had, according to several historians, nearly come to a standstill. [13] Instead of admitting an accident, Soviet media proclaimed a brave decision to meet a Western provocation. [93] Kosygin was told that a reconciliation between the two countries might take years, and that rapprochement could occur only gradually. Frederick Starr (2004). [69] The reform's goal was to increase the powers of the central ministries by centralising the Soviet economy to an even greater extent. The anti−alcohol campaign reduced tax revenues as well, which in 1982 accounted for about 12% of all state revenue. [35], Elections to the new Congress of People's Deputies were held throughout the USSR in March and April 1989. [39] Nevertheless, the Soviet government had lost control over economic conditions. [28], In the late 1960s, Brezhnev talked of the need to "renew" the party cadres, but according to Robert Service, his "self-interest discouraged him from putting an end to the immobilism he detected. Another blow to Soviet communism in the First World came with the establishment of eurocommunism. Справка", "Welcome stbenedictcollege.org - BlueHost.com", "The Economic Collapse of the Soviet Union", List of primary and secondary sources on the Cold War, Reform, Coup and Collapse: The End of the Soviet State, Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives, 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972, Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States, American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation, Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev, Eastern European anti-Communist insurgencies, Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1982–1991)&oldid=992394638, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2009, Articles needing additional references from February 2011, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. In addition, they attempted to speed up economic growth, which had slowed considerably during Khrushchev's last years as ruler. Moreover, the ongoing war in Afghanistan, and the mishandling of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, further damaged the credibility of the Soviet government at a time when dissatisfaction was increasing. Sharpe. Before long, and much to the embarrassment of the authorities, the media began to expose severe social and economic problems the Soviet government had long denied and actively concealed. After obtaining power, the vast majority of "idealistic" reformers gained huge possessions of state property using their positions in the government and became business oligarchs in a manner that appeared antithetical to an emerging democracy. [28] During the March 1965 Central Committee plenum, Brezhnev took control of Soviet agriculture, another hint that he opposed Kosygin's reform program. The Kolgujev garrison - the Red Army's 3rd Army, is commanded by General Aleksei Guba. A similar greying also took place in the Central Committee, the median age rising from 53 in 1961 to 62 in 1981, with the proportion of members older than 65 increasing from 3 percent in 1961 to 39 percent in 1981. arms control talks on intermediate-range nuclear weapons in Europe were suspended by the Soviet Union in November 1983 and by the end of the year, the Soviets had broken off all arms control negotiations. The reforms made some inroads in decentralization, but Gorbachev and his team left intact most of the fundamental elements of the Stalinist system, including price controls, inconvertibility of the ruble, exclusion of private property ownership, and the government monopoly over most means of production. [8] Podgorny's eventual removal in 1977 had the effect of reducing Kosygin's role in day-to-day management of government activities by strengthening the powers of the government apparatus led by Brezhnev. No other radical economic reforms were carried out during the Brezhnev era, and economic growth began to stagnate in the early-to-mid-1970s. Of the 319-member Central Committee in 1981, 130 were younger than 30 when Stalin died in 1953. On 25 August 1980 the Soviet Politburo established a commission chaired by Mikhail Suslov to examine the political crisis in Poland that was beginning to gain speed. The reforms themselves were never officially abolished, they attracted little support from the management..., with rationing of staple food products returning to locales such as factories, mines and offices were staffed undisciplined... Of Somalia 's loss in the 1970s after Khrushchev 's last meeting with any Soviet leader to. 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