This one-day U.S. government IT leadership event organized by the software assurance and cyber standards community brings together senior government IT leaders and their teams to brief on policy, standards, and best practices for software and systems engineering and supply chain risk management. LinkedIn, Microsoft, Codeship, Pivotal and Benefit Cosmetics leaders are reading our blog! 2017] Vepa Atamuradov, Kamal Medjaher, Pierre Dersin, Benjamin Lamoureux, and Noureddine Zerhouni, "Prognostics and Health Management for Maintenance Practitioners - Review, Implementation and Tools Evaluation," International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management, 2017 [https://www.phmsociety.org/node/2246], [Benameur 2013] Azzedine Benameur, Nathan S. Evans, and Matthew C. Elder, "Cloud Resiliency and Security via Diversified Replica Execution and Monitoring," 6th International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems (ISRCS), July 2013 [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6623768], [Butler 2012] Ricky Butler, "Fault-tolerant Clock Synchronization Techniques for Avionics Systems," 17 August 2012 [https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4408]. It is part of the non-functional sector of software testing that also includes compliance testing, endurance testing, load testing, recovery testing and others. The next post in the series will address the testing and evaluation of a system's resilience. Since you can never ensure a 100% rate of avoiding failure for software, you should provide functions for recovery from disruptions in your software. [https://www.loggly.com/blog/ddos-monitoring-how-to-know-youre-under-attack/], [Mergen 2015] Leon Mergen, "On Stateless Software Design," 3 December 2015 [https://leonmergen.com/on-stateless-software-design-what-is-state-72b45b023ba2], [Singh 2016] Rahul Rajat Singh, "Understanding Retry Pattern with Exponential Back-Off and Circuit Breaker Pattern," Rahul Rajat Singh's Blog, 7 October 2016, [http://rahulrajatsingh.com/2016/10/understanding-retry-pattern-with-exponential-back-off-and-circuit-breaker-pattern/], Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute 4500 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh, https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/techjournal/1407_col_nasser/1407_col_nasser.html Vilas Veeraraghavan, Walmart Labs Automated application resiliency testing offers a dependable method for assessing software while providing measurements to evaluate system performance, architecture standards, and stability as software is rapidly developed or updated. Not only has the company been very receptive to our needs and thoughtful in designing a program for us, but the system has enabled us to track the clinical experiences of our Physical Therapy students in depth. The tool was designed to simulate “unleashing a wild monkey with a weapon in your data center (or cloud region) to randomly shoot down instances and chew through cables ” and was aptly called Chaos Monkey. System Resilience If adverse events or conditions cause a system to fail to operate appropriately, they can cause all manner of harm to valuable assets. For example, parallel redundancy with voting is a form of active redundancy that typically involves both redundant hardware and software, each of which can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. PA 15213-2612 412-268-5800, subsystem that detects and suppresses fires, Automate the building of the software infrastructure, excess reserve processing and memory capacity, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6623768, https://martinfowler.com/bliki/ImmutableServer.html, https://martinfowler.com/bliki/CircuitBreaker.html, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1363412705000415, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/11424925_138, https://blog.stackpath.com/glossary-content-caching/, https://www.loggly.com/blog/ddos-monitoring-how-to-know-youre-under-attack/, https://leonmergen.com/on-stateless-software-design-what-is-state-72b45b023ba2, http://rahulrajatsingh.com/2016/10/understanding-retry-pattern-with-exponential-back-off-and-circuit-breaker-pattern/, System Resilience Part 5: Commonly-Used System Resilience Techniques. As I outlined in previous posts in this series, system resilience is important because no one wants a brittle system that cannot overcome the inevitable adversities. One way of improving the resilience of software and solutions is by hosting them on cloud servers, thus minimizing the chance of failures to the internal system and choosing a much more resilient cloud architecture. 16 extremely useful Chrome extensions for developers, Designing a language switch: Examples and best practices. Some of these resilience techniques might be more appropriate for use in data centers than in cyber-physical systems, while the reverse may be true for other techniques. System Resilience. It requires capacities for controlled testing though, and for many companies, a more structured and theoretical approach like the one used by IBM makes sense. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1363412705000415], [Javed and Wolf 2012] Nauman Javed and Tilman Wolf, "Automated Sensor Verification using Outlier Detection in the Internet of Things," 32nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, IEEE Computer Society, 2012, [Lindskog et al. In the face of a crisis or economic slowdown, resilient organizations ride out uncertainty instead of being overpowered by it. System resilience is the ability of an engineered systemengineered system to provide required capabilitycapability in the face of adversityadversity. 7, No. Ideally, any failure would have no impact at all on the consumer. On the other hand, incorporating resilience techniques increases system complexity and can therefore, paradoxically, make the system less resilient. As I outlined in previous posts in this series, system resilience is important because no one wants a brittle system … Resilience in the realm of systems engineering involves identifying:1) the capabilities that are required of the system,2) the adverse conditions under which the system is required to deliver those capabilities, and3) the systems engineering to ensure that the system can provide the required capabilities. The Availability and Resilience Perspective. Thanks! De Lucia, Dr. Allison Newcomb, and Dr. Alexander Kott, "Features and Operation of an Autonomous Agent for Cyber Defense," Journal of Cyber Security and Information Systems, Vol. Resilience and redundancy offer ways to yield a dependable system—known as system dependability. The following UML class diagram illustrates many of the most commonly used redundancy techniques that support resilience: The four main classifications of redundancy above are orthogonal and any specific implementation typically involves instantiating each of these classification hierarchies. 2019] Michael J. The team at IBM has identified two significant components of resiliency, the problem impact and the service level that is considered acceptable once the problem occurs. Redundancy is very important to resilience. It might be appropriate, however, to mandate the use of one or more of the resilience techniques outlined in this post as requirements in the form of architecture and design constraints. Resilience testing with the Simian Army has since become a popular approach for many companies, and in 2016 Netflix released Chaos Monkey 2.0 with improved UX and integration for Spinnaker. Both resilience and redundancy are critical for the design and deployment of computer networks, data centers, and IT infrastructure. To prepare for these failures, Netflix developed their own tool to create random disruptions to the system and tested it for resilience. 2005] Stefan Lindskog, Karl-Johan Grinnemo, and Anna Brunstrom, "Data Protection Based on Physical Separation: Concepts and Application Scenarios," International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA) 2005: Computational Science and Its Applications, pp 1331-1340, 9-12 May 2005. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/11424925_138, [Johnson 2017] Justin Johnson, "What is Content Caching?" Would you like to give some additional feedback? [Atamuradov et al. Allow compromised devices and critical apps to self-heal if they're altered, disabled, or uninstalled. Resilience engineering, then, starts from accepting the reality that failures happen, and, through engineering, builds a way for the system to continue despite those failures. Ranking potential threats for a software system requires a fair amount of subjective judgment. They then look at solution non-functional requirements to create a list of requirements to the solution such as response time, throughput and availability. ... Security training plays an important role in improving the overall security and resilience of developed software. [https://blog.stackpath.com/glossary-content-caching/], [Marsh 2017] Jennifer Marsh, "DDoS Monitoring: How to Know When You're Under Attack," Solarwinds Loggly, 25 January 2017. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This guidance has been prepared at the request of the OECD-led Experts Group on Risk and Resilience. There is likely multiple tiers to the question and that's why big companies has system administrators with multiple hats, engineers, architects, and all sorts of analysts. ITR-enabled software products have evolved to support application resilience and work load shifting between production data centers and the cloud. data center resiliency: Resiliency is the ability of a server , network, storage system, or an entire data center , to recover quickly and continue operating even when there has been an equipment failure, power outage or other disruption. While disruptions do occur on the cloud level as well, the cloud operators usually have sophisticated resilience and recovery systems in place. Since that is impossible to achieve, IBM focuses on minimizing that impact as much as possible. Software solution resilience refers to the ability of a solution to absorb the impact of a problem in one or more parts of a system, while continuing to provide an acceptable service level to the business. Its acclaimed author explains the benefits of Resilient Software Design and why it matters exactly how we fail. It is therefore worth examining the types (and associated subtypes) of redundancy. Or as defined by IBM: “Software solution resiliency refers to the ability of a solution to absorb the impact of a problem in one or more parts of a system, while continuing to provide an acceptable service level to … At White Star Software, we work with hundreds of companies all around the world, so we tend to see more than our fair share of unplanned outages: User Acceptance Testing – How To Do It Right! The software provides a measure of resilience for power systems. Testing System Resilience. Because of expanding customer requests, resilience software testing is as imperative as never before. How Usersnap helps a Software Architect in his development process, GitLab vs GitHub: Key differences & similarities. 10, Issue 3, pp 134-139, 2005. Although by no means exhaustive, the following is a relatively complete and representative list of resilience techniques (many of these techniques can be further divided into more specific subclasses of resilience techniques): - Decreased performance or capacity- Use of a service variant with higher performance at the cost of lower quality- Priority-based service loss (i.e., complete or partial loss of less important system capabilities)- Priority-based service restoration (i.e., restore the most important services first), - Provide projections concerning hardware components approaching end-of-life, so that they may be replaced before a fault or failure occurs (Prevention--not resilience)- Monitor the health of other subsystems and react appropriately to adverse conditions and adverse events (Detection) [Atamuradov et al. Power Distribution Designing for Resilience Application (PowDDeR) is a software application to succinctly capture the capabilities of a power system to respond to disturbances, including natural or human (malicious or errors) caused disturbances. Learn more in: Cyber Threats to Critical Infrastructure Protection: Public Private Aspects of Resilience To achieve resilience in the next generation of control systems, therefore, addressing the complex control system interdependencies, including the human systems interaction and cyber security, will be a recognized challenge. Why You Should Care About ITR Gartner is perhaps, most famous for their Magic Quadrants, a report format that evaluates technology vendors from over 60 IT markets into 4 “quadrants”. That’s why companies like Cisco are taking resilience testing very seriously, with 75% of all of Cisco’s applications tested for resilience as of mid-2016. That is the reason companies like Cisco are considering resilience testing in software testing important, with 75% of the greater part of Cisco’s applications tested for resilience software as of … Quickly find and lock devices that go dark. Stackpath, 24 May 2017. Therefore, deep systems are a serious challenge for R&D teams who want to sustain resilience, fault-tolerance, and performance. Using chaos engineering and the Netflix Simian Army can help discover unusual problem sources and potential weaknesses in the system’s architecture. It is also vitally important to cyber-physical systems, although the term is less commonly used in that domain. There are many different approaches for resilience testing. This fifth post in the series presents a relatively comprehensive list of resilience techniques, annotated with the resilience function (i.e., resistance, detection, reaction, and recovery) that they perform. Resilience testing belongs to the category of “non-functional testing” and tests how an application behaves under stress. A great example of how resilience testing can be done successfully on cloud level is Netflix and its so-called Simian Army. A more dramatic event would be the failure of an entire data center, in which case “all the work that was being processed by that data center is continued by another data center – again as transparently as possible to the users, although in the event of a catastrophic outage you should be prepared for a significant impact.”. For a machine failure, this duration is usually measured in minutes, while a failure in a data center could cause disruptions of several hours. While cloud hosting can go a long way in minimizing failures, resilience testing should still make up a significant part of overall software testing. As water-reliant businesses increasingly focus on the growing challenge of disaster management in response to both natural and manmade events, process monitoring software suites have emerged as a key element when it comes to business continuity and resilience planning. System resiliency is usually provided by redundancies and automatic rerouting of operations within the system. And ensure that your endpoint population, and the data on it, is safe, secure, and fully compliant. Resilience is a relatively new term in the SE realm, appearing only in the 2006 timeframe and becoming popularized in the 2010 timeframe. [De Lucia et al. To get an idea of how companies react to different kinds of failures, we can look at how resilience testing is done at IBM. If a machine that is hosting the system or one its components crashes, for instance, the requests on their way to that machine get redirected to another machine instantly and as transparently as possible to the users. The tool is run while Netflix continues to operate its services, although in a controlled environment and in ideal time frames. Over the past decade, system resilience (a.k.a., system resiliency) has been widely discussed as a critical concern, especially in terms of data centers and cloud computing. We can measure how reliable a system is in a number of ways. JAXenter: Why is Resilient Software Design so important that we need an extra term for it? By only running Chaos Monkey during US business hours on weekdays, the company ensures that their engineers will have the maximum capacity for dealing with the disruptions and that server loads are minimal compared to peak consumer usage times. In other words, it tests an application’s resiliency, or ability to withstand stressful or challenging factors. Michael Nygard’s Circuit Breaker Pattern has been adopted by Netflix and been established as a central part of Resilient Software Design. System resilience is an ability of the system to withstand a major disruption within acceptable degradation parameters and to recover within an acceptable time. Selecting the right number, type, and balance of resilience techniques is anything but trivial. There are clearly many techniques that can be used to implement system resilience requirements. As the term indicates, resilience in software describes its ability to withstand stress and other challenging factors to continue performing its core functions and avoid loss of data. The goal at IBM is to minimize the impact and duration of failures. After early successes, Netflix quickly developed additional tools to test other kinds of failures and conditions. “The system Resilience Software has developed for us has been excellent. These techniques can be categorized in multiple ways, the two most important of which are by resilience function and by implementation. This collection of articles explores facets of business resilience. Software testing, in general, involves many different techniques and methodologies to test every aspect of the software regarding functionality, performance, and bugs. The mission of the Resilient Systems Working Group is to establish an understanding and approach to systems resilience -- a new subdomain of systems engineering. By implementing fail-safe capacities, it is possible to largely avoid data loss in case of crashes and to restore the application to the last working state before the crash with minimal impact on the user. Resilience of an application, in simple language, is the capability of the application to spring back to an acceptable operational condition after it faces an event affecting its operating conditions. Leave nothing to chance with Resilience — the Absolute platform’s most comprehensive and secure product. Ideally, the system's requirements will drive the selection of appropriate resilience techniques. In this detailed article, Bob Draper FBCI provides guidance on the effective implementation and maintenance of resilience and disaster recovery capability of IT systems, and is applicable, by scaling, to all sizes of business organization. To come up with meaningful resiliency test cases, IBM uses the solution operational model where all the components of the solution to the problems as well as their interactions are identified. Software resilience testing is a method of software testing that focuses on ensuring that applications will perform well in real-life or chaotic conditions. Without the right mindset and … In the traditional data processing model of system availability, computers supported the mainstream business of the organization during the day (typically 9 A.M. to 5:30 P.M., Monday through Friday) by capturing … Resilience testing, in particular, is a crucial step in ensuring applications perform well in real-life conditions. DREAD is a model developed by Microsoft. Resilience is a system’s ability to recover from a fault and maintain persistency of service dependability in the face of faults. Even though all of the Netflix services are hosted on Amazon Web Services’ state of the art cloud servers with cutting edge hardware, the company realized that the sheer scale of their operations makes failures unavoidable. Or as defined by IBM: “Software solution resiliency refers to the ability of a solution to absorb the impact of a problem in one or more parts of a system, while continuing to provide an acceptable service level to the business.”. Among these tools were Latency Monkey, Conformity Monkey, Doctor Monkey and others, collectively known as the Netflix Simian Army. Put simply, resilience is achieved by a systems engine… System resiliency is a measure of the ability of the system to automatically recover from problems that might otherwise cause it to fail, such as power outages, network failures, and invalid configuration. 2017]. Multiple techniques are typically used in concert to address detection, response, and recovery and to provide adequate defense-in-depth. In general engineering systems, fast recovery from a degraded system state is often termed as resilience. IBM Security Resilient® can guide your team to respond with confidence through the use of dynamic playbooks, automation of repetitive tasks, and orchestration of people, process, and technology… We often hear companies tell us “We haven’t had an unplanned outage in 11 years!” As if that’s a reason not to build resilient systems! Welcome to the 8th annual Cyber Resilience Summit! By identifying weaknesses in their systems, Netflix can then build automated recovery mechanisms to deal with them should they occur again in the future. Despite the critical nature of both, resiliency and redundancy are not the same thing. This abundance of techniques and types of techniques provides system architects and specialty engineers with a great deal of flexibility when it comes to ensuring a sufficient resilience, especially when a multi-layer defense-in-depth approach is used. With consumer expectations increasing, it is vital to ensure minimal disruptions to any service or software that enters the market these days. Some possible measures (originating from engineering) are: Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) - the time you can expect the system to function under certain parameters before it will fail. If adverse events or conditions cause a system to fail to operate appropriately, they can cause all manner of harm to valuable assets. 1, 29 April 2019. [Fowler 2013] Martin Fowler, "ImmutableServer," martinFowler.com, 13 June 2013 [https://martinfowler.com/bliki/ImmutableServer.html], [Fowler 2014] Martin Fowler, "Circuit Breaker," martinFowler.com, 6 March 2014 [https://martinfowler.com/bliki/CircuitBreaker.html], [Fuchsberger 2005] Andreas Fuchsberger, "Intrusion Detection Systems and Intrusion Prevention Systems," Information Security Technical Report, Vol. The process of developing and preparing the resilience systems analysis was led by Rachel Scott, Senior Advisor, Due to increasing consumer demands, resilience testing is as important as never before. Is impossible to achieve, IBM focuses on minimizing that impact as much as possible are critical for Design. D teams who want to sustain resilience, fault-tolerance, and the data on it, is safe secure! Major disruption within acceptable degradation parameters and to provide adequate defense-in-depth — the Absolute platform ’ most! 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