The RA is a qualitative one in which risk is expressed in terms such as high and low rather than in numerical terms such as probabilities or frequencies. In West Africa, Dinoderus porcellus Lesne (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is a pest that attacks and spoils stored yam chips. Treatment Scale insects Mealy bugs Termites Beetle tuber holes Millipede tuber holes Neem 1.07±0.02 1.00±0.00b 1.29±0.04b 1.40±0.03b 1.09±0.01 Adult female scales on tuber bark are brownish, subcircular and about 1.2 mm wide. As they eat, they make holes in young to middle-aged leaves (Photos 3-6). 2. These pests attack fruit and cause a yield decline in both quantity and quality. Cocoa, coffee, bele, yams, many other crops, ornamentals and trees, e.g., Hibiscus tiliaceus. Integrated pest management \(IPM\) is a continuum of techniques to evaluate, identify, and manage insect pests based on economic thresholds and safety for humans and the environment. The yellow and orange varieties of the sweet potato root contain a high amount of Vitamin A and all varieties contain appreciable quantities of Vitamin C. Yams provide significant quantities of vitamin B1, vitamin C and dietary iron and niacin. Smallholders therefore need access to innovations to reduce labor and improve productivity. Heteroligus meles is a very serious insect pest of yam in … D. alata is a vigorous twining herbaceous vine, which is an important edible tuber crop but also an invasive plant outside cultivated areas. with pest and disease resistance, and acceptable tuber quality. The … 1980. Symptoms & Life Cycle The adult beetles (Photos 1&2) do the damage, feeding in the early hours of the night. This research was carried out to look into the influence of yam/cassava based cropping systems with Some traditional ceremonies are celebrated with yam as the major food item such the New Yam Festival in parts of West Africa. Dioscorea rotundata and D. cayenensis (both known as Guinea yam) are the most popular and economically important yams in West and Central Africa where they are indigenous, while D. alata (referred to as Mean (± SE) of arthropod pest on seed yam at harvest from Ejura-Sekyedumse district, 2016. Yams have both economic and social value in many growing areas. However, water yam (D. alata) is thought to be more susceptible to an- Nambangia Justin Okolle, Victor Afari-Sefa, Jean-Claude Bidogeza, Precillia Ijang Tata, Francis Ajebesone Ngome, An evaluation of smallholder farmers' knowledge, perceptions, choices and gender perspectives in vegetable pests and diseases control practices in the humid tropics of Cameroon, International Journal of Pest Management, 10.1080/09670874.2016.1184772, 62, 3, (165-174), (2016). pest species, based on several characteristics. 28 Common Names: Greater, water, white, or winged yam Synonymy: D. atropurpurea Roxb., D. purpurea Roxb., D. sativa Del. Aspidiella hartii (Cockerell) infests yam tubers marketed in Bari (South Italy). Pest Management 26(2):170-179. Yam, cassava, potato and sweet potato are cheap but nutritionally rich staple foods that contribute protein, vitamin C, vitamin A, zinc, and iron towards the dietary demands of the region’s fast-growing towns and cities. IITA’s Genetic Resources Center holds the largest yam international germplasm collection in trust, with 3,872 accessions, including nine of the major cultivated species. Summary of Invasiveness Top of page. The genotypic composition of yam tubers affect their performance in storage structure, there was significant differences in the durability of yam tubers stored in either pit, barn, platform or heap [11]. Then, if intervention is needed when a pest or disease occurs, the safest and most effective options available are listed. In the West African yam zone, which is the principal producer on a global basis, D. rotundata, D. alata, and D. esculenta are the most common species. Another advantage of these crops is that they are Each farm was visited 3-4 times during the 12-month growing cycle to Distribution Top of page S. bradys is a nematode of West Africa which has spread to other yam growing areas of the world in South America and the Caribbean. In 2004, the total world production of yam was about 47 million metric tonnes (MT), with 96% of this coming from Africa. Disease and Pest Survey At the end of 1980 and throughout 1981 growing seasons, a disease and pest survey was conducted throughout the yam growing zone of Puerto Rico. from El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua. 7 References Mantell, S.H. Species of Heteroligus reportly found in the southern parts of Nigeria include: Greater yam tuber beetle, H. meles and lesser yam beetles, H. appius [6]. The Cocoa Pod Borer, or is often named the CPB is one of the most common pests in cocoa cultivation. The goal has been to find ways in which seed yams can be produced cost effectively but also in ways that lower or even eliminate the chances of any pests and diseases finding their way from mother tuber to seed tubers. Yams are members of the genus Dioscorea , which produce bulbils, tubers or rhizomes that are of economic importance. pest and disease effects by distributing its pressure through its diverse crop species and morphology, keep low its attack and destructive tendencies since some of the intercrop species may be resistant to the pest and or disease. the damage inflicted on yams by the yam tuber beetles Heteroligus spp. There many nutrients, proteins and micronutrients in it. and iron. The pest reproduces during storage and covers the tuber. Created Date 1/17/2015 6:29:59 AM are grown intensively. seed yams, usually starting with healthy ware yam tubers of medium size (~1 kg). [6, 4]. The Yam is the chief source of calories for the population in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The approach used in the manual is called Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Alarmingly, the annual yam production per hectare has recently decreased considerably due to a loss of soil fertility and pest and disease (especially nematode) damage. The bulbils weighing a few grams and to over a kilogram come out from the leaf axils three (3) months after planting. the open sided storage method is the best in terms of protection from decay and pest damage. yam and Amala in Nigeria), boiled, fried and roasted (Aidoo, 2009; IITA, 2009). Participatory integrated pest management strategy for improving shelf-life of yam (Dioscorea spp.) Cocoa Pod Borer attacks frequently have a Trop. Only 3% of them reported that they had used traditional methods of control such as … They do not always eat the midribs and veins, so the leaves look sieve- Apical meristem-tip culture for eradication of flexuous rod viruses in yams (Dioscorea alata). Integrated pest management 2.1 What is IPM? The Yams have multiple species, around 600 species approximately. This risk assessment examines the pest risks associated with the importation into the United States of the roots of yam-bean or jícama (Pachyrhizus spp.) For each pest and disease covered in this manual, methods are first given for prevention of the problem. resistance against pests and pathogens. For those farmers, termite pest species do not have winged forms (97.82% of responses), they have big heads and big mandibles (1.08% of responses), and construct termite mounds (1.08% of responses). pest awareness among the yam farmers, most farmers (97%) still did not practice any type of pest control because they lacked the knowledge of appropriate control methods. These Yams are grown in Africa, Asia, South American region, the Caribbean and also in the islands of the South Pacific. Yam (Discorea spp) is native to African and Asia with tubers that vary in size ranging from the size of a potato to over a metre in length and several kilograms in weight. Vernacular nomenclature and taxonomy of termites’ pest … The survey covered 48 farms of 10 municipalities. opular pest control methods include P of synthetic application pesticides, biopesticides (plant extracts), non-chemical pest management and integrated pest management (IPM). Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is the most important tuber crop in terms of coverage area in West Africa, particularly in Benin and Togo. Propagation in Elephant Foot Yam Cultivation:-This crop is propagated through “corm”.Land Preparation, Spacing and Planting in Elephant Foot Yam Cultivation:-Bring the soil to fine tilth and form beds after giving 1 or 2 ploughings.Pits size of 60 cm x 60 cm x 45 cm should be dug at a distance of 90 cm x 90 cm during Feb month. This root and tuber place in the diet of smallholder farmers cannot be I: Annual Yam production in the world, Ghana, Côte d Ivoire, Nigeria, (1961–2012) Yams Elements Areas 1961 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2010 2012 PEST ADVISORY LEAFLET NO. 12 Revised 2002 Yam dieback, or anthracnose, is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Of the 600 known species of yams, only six are edible or food yams. Despite this fact, very little attention has been given to this pest, which could destroy up to 65% of stocks. Agricultural pest management control strategies are primarily concerned with food security and safety. It represents a large genepool for yam crop improvement to help the crop reach its full potential for food and income for poor farmers. UBE Ubi (Dioscorea alata L.) or yam is a vine which produces both aerial tubers called bulbils and underground tubers or roots. Nigeria accounts for about 70% of world production. Ventral shields (‘flags’) from dead individuals are also abundant. Sweet potatoes and yams are also good sources of energy, which the body needs to stay active. It is probably present in all the countries of the region and is often a major problem where yams (Dioscorea spp.) It is found at nearly all territory of cocoa cultivation in Indonesia. There are over 600 varieties of yams and 95 percent of these crops are grown in Africa. 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