The strongest have a bite pressure that measures 3,700 pounds per square inch, while the strongest alligators' bites are about 2,900. [5] When the mouth was closed, only the fourth tooth of the lower jaw would have been visible. Irmis RB, Hutchison JH, Sertich JJW, Titus AL. However, the muscles responsible for opening the mouth are exceptionally weak, allowing a person to easily hold them shut, and even larger crocodiles can be brought under control by the use of duct tape to bind the jaws together. [38] [2][19], Since the discovery of the earliest fragmentary remains that will come to be known as Deinosuchus, it was found that it was a relative of crocodiles, going as far as placing it in the same family (crocodylidae) in 1954, this assignment was mostly supported by dental features,[11] but was overturned in 1999 when the finding of new specimens from Texas and Georgia helped place Deinosuchus in a phylogenetic analysis, finding it in a basal position within the clade Alligatoroidea along with Leidyosuchus. After the adult Purussaurus, the next strongest bite comes from the modern saltwater crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, which has a bite force of 1.6 tons. Males can maximum reach lengths of 6.1 m as per record. [11] However, this reconstruction is currently considered to be inaccurate. From the family Crocodylidae, the American crocodile belong. [4] Schwimmer noted no theropod dinosaurs in Deinosuchus's eastern range approached its size, indicating the massive crocodilian could have been the region's apex predator. According to Erickson, a full-grown Deinosuchus "must have seen several generations of dinosaurs come and go". Bite forces can now be predicted in fossil crocodilians using the regression equations generated in this research. [15], In 1903, at Willow Creek, Montana, several fossil osteoderms were discovered "lying upon the surface of the soil" by John Bell Hatcher and T.W. [21] There is also a report describing a possible Deinosuchus scute from Colorado. The bite force generated by crocodiles is quite significant, and is comparable to the bite force produced by historic predators, such as the T. rex. [10] The vertebrae were articulated in a procoelous manner, meaning they had a concave hollow on the front end and a convex bulge on the rear; these would have fit together to produce a ball and socket joint. The population of the species is considered under threatened. [34] Although not initially recognized as such, these teeth were probably the first Deinosuchus remains to be scientifically described. "[27][28] David R. Schwimmer proposed in 2002 that several hadrosaurid tail vertebrae found near Big Bend National Park show evidence of Deinosuchus tooth marks, strengthening the hypothesis that Deinosuchus fed on dinosaurs in at least some instances. The "winners"— saltwater crocodiles —slammed their jaws shut with 3,700 pounds per square inch (psi), or 16,460 newtons, of bite force. The appearance is very similar to the large lizard. Their estimates, based on growth rings in the dorsal osteoderms of various specimens, indicated each Deinosuchus might have taken over 35 years to reach full adult size, and the oldest individuals may have lived for more than 50 years. By contrast, you might tear into a steak with 150 to 200 psi (890 newtons). Most were quite fragmentary, but they expanded knowledge of the giant predator's geographic range. One study indicated Deinosuchus may have lived for up to 50 years, growing at a rate similar to that of modern crocodilians, but maintaining this growth over a much longer time. They would have consumed marine turtles, large fish, and smaller dinosaurs. In: Titus AL, Loewen MA, eds. As noted by Chris Brochu, the osteoderms are distinctive enough that even "bone granola" can adequately confirm the presence of Deinosuchus. According to Schwimmer, the growth ring patterns observed could have been affected by a variety of factors, including "migrations of their prey, wet-dry seasonal climate variations, or oceanic circulation and nutrient cycles". [18] This classification was bolstered in 2005 by the discovery of a well-preserved Deinosuchus brain case from the Blufftown Formation of Alabama, which shows some features reminiscent of those in the modern American alligator,[37] Deinosuchus, however, was not a direct ancestor of modern alligators. Nevertheless, the gharial's extremely slender jaws are relatively weak and built more for quick jaw closure. [3] This proposal was endorsed by Lucas et al. [15][36] Better cranial material was also found; by 2002, David R. Schwimmer was able to create a composite computer reconstruction of 90% of the skull. The females get the place to establish nest to lay eggs where the eggs an get the proper temperature to grow and also, safe from the predators like crabs, vultures. Scientists believe the most powerful bite force ever belonged to now-extinct giant crocodiles, which measured 35 to 40 feet long and may have had a bite force of up to 18,000 pounds. Despite its large size, the overall appearance of Deinosuchus was not considerably different from that of modern crocodilians. [11][12] The secondary palate and procoelous vertebrae are advanced features also found in modern eusuchian crocodilians. The adult American crocodile has. The “winners”—saltwater crocodiles—slammed their jaws shut with 3,700 pounds per square inch (psi), or 16,460 newtons, of bite force. [22] Deinosuchus fossils are most abundant in the Gulf Coastal Plain region of Georgia, near the Alabama border. [30] A 2014 study suggested that it would have been able to perform a "death roll", like modern crocodiles. Crocodiles grow up to be 6 feet long and weigh more than a ton.With five thousand tons of bite force. It is the only species other than the saltwater crocodile to commonly live and thrive in the salt water. Crocodilian eggs are little brittle but softer than bird eggs. Deinosuchus fossils have been described from 10 U.S. states, including Texas, Montana, and many along the East Coast. the large animals as most of the large crocodiles do. [40] In their overview of crocodyliform material from the Kaiparowits Formation of Utah, Irmis et al. It hunted in the water where the giant theropods could not go. Despite their large size, they don’t attack. At the Top of the Grand Staircase: The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 424–444. [19] Deinosuchus has been described as a "conspicuous" component of a purportedly distinct biome occupying the southern half of Late Cretaceous North America. According to the formula that 4.6 saltwater crocodile that had a bite force of 3800 would have a … [19] In the Aguja Formation of Texas, where some of the largest specimens of Deinosuchus have been found, these massive predators probably inhabited brackish-water bays. Weighing in at up to a ton, the Nile crocodile is the top predator in Africa's rivers. Jaw shape demonstrates surprisingly little correlation to bite force and pressures. It would be easier to lift a car of your legs than to open the jaws of saltwater crocodiles that has a grip on you. [18], Deinosuchus was present on both sides of the Western Interior Seaway. [4] The bigger, but less common, Deinosuchus that lived in Texas and Montana might have been more specialized hunters, capturing and eating large dinosaurs. The crocodiles get the force from the jaw muscles and exert a huge pressure to lock their food in their jaws. The bite force of American crocodile is recorded is about 3000 psi. [11] Colbert restated this hypothesis more confidently in 1961: "Certainly this crocodile must have been a predator of dinosaurs; otherwise why would it have been so overwhelmingly gigantic? The original estimate from 1954 for the type specimen of the then-named "Phobosuchus riograndensis" were based on a skull of 1.5 meters (4.9 ft) and a lower jaw of 1.8 meters (5.9 ft) long, reconstructed with similar proportions to the Cuban crocodile giving a total estimated length of 15 meters (49 ft). [3] The skull of Deinosuchus itself was of a unique shape not seen in any other living or extinct crocodilians; the skull was broad, but inflated at the front around the nares. [3] Each maxilla (the main tooth-bearing bone in the upper jaw) contained 21 or 22 teeth. According to his research, the saltwater crocodile has a larger bite force (1.68 tons/cm 2) than the commonly favored American alligator (964 kg). Deinosuchus (/ˌdaɪnəˈsjuːkəs/) is an extinct genus of crocodilian related to the modern alligator that lived 82 to 73 million years ago (Ma), during the late Cretaceous period. American crocodiles are apex predators and any terrestrial or aquatic animal, they encounter in freshwater, coastal saltwater, riparian is the primary prey for their diet. American Crocodile has V-shaped snout as compared to other large crocodiles which usually have a slightly broad snout. Kangal – 743 psi. [9], Deinosuchus had a secondary bony palate, which would have permitted it to breathe through its nostrils while the rest of the head remained submerged underwater. Deinosuchus was probably capable of killing and eating large dinosaurs. Similar to tigers, lions use their teeth and claws to take down prey. [2] Each premaxilla contained four teeth, with the pair nearest to the tip of the snout being significantly smaller than the other two. (2006),[39] but was criticized by other authors,[21][24][29] and an SVP 2010 abstract Schwimmer reported new fossils of specimens from both sides of the interior seaway that indicated that the differences between the two morphs were not just size related, teeth from large eastern specimens retained the common characteristics of other specimens of the region and osteoderms from small specimens of the western morph were no different from those of large ones, supporting the specific separation of the two morphs, D. rugosus and D. The age of the American Crocodile is estimated about 30 – 70 years. Apparently, the force of a crocodile's bite scales with size. Mastiff Breeds 1. Certain bite tests in laboratory settings conducted by experts have confirmed the saltwater crocodile as the ultimate chomper of the wild; the reptile can shut its … Modern saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) have the strongest recorded bite of any living animal, with a maximum force of 16,414 N (1,673.8 kgf; 3,690 lbf) for a 4.59 meters (15.1 ft) specimen . Saltwater crocodiles not only have the most powerful bites in the crocodile world, they're also the biggest of them all. [4][15] These deeply pitted osteoderms have been used to suggest that, despite its bulk, Deinosuchus could probably have walked on land much like modern-day crocodiles. When these specimens were examined, it became clear that they belonged to a large crocodilian and not a dinosaur; upon learning this, Hatcher "immediately lost interest" in the material. Opinion remains divided as to whether these two populations represent separate species. saltwater crocodile bite force: 7500 psi [7][107] Crocodiles are occasionally successful in grabbing passerines such as weaver birds, including the abundant red-billed quelea (Quelea quelea), and swallows, having been observed to … However, this view was not universally supported and Schwimmer (2002) recognized just one species, Deinosuchus rugosus, with the differences found between the two species explained as the result of the larger size of the western morph. Deinosuchus has often been described as the largest crocodyliform of all time. [5], A 1999 study by Gregory M. Erickson and Christopher A. Brochu suggested the growth rate of Deinosuchus was comparable to that of modern crocodilians, but was maintained over a far longer time. [5] The "side-necked" sea turtle Bothremys was especially common in the eastern habitat of Deinosuchus, and several of its shells have been found with bite marks that were most likely inflicted by the giant crocodilian. Spectacular Show of Crocodile Bite Strength Caught on Video April 16, 2018 Elvis the crocodile shows the incredible strength of his jaws in this eye-popping demonstration in Australia. The young hatch the eggs after 75-80 days in the proper temperature. The average length varies between 4.1 to 4.8 m while females are smaller. Bite force in humans usually tops out at about 200 psi. [4] The tooth count for each dentary (tooth-bearing bone in the lower jaw) was at least 22. The bite force of a German Shepherd is estimated to be 238 PSI (pounds per square inch). Knowledge of Deinosuchus remains incomplete, but better cranial material found in recent years has expanded scientific understanding of this massive predator. [15], The American Museum of Natural History incorporated the skull and jaw fragments into a plaster restoration, modeled after the present-day Cuban crocodile. However, other crocodyliforms such as Purussaurus, Rhamphosuchus, and Sarcosuchus may have equaled or exceeded it in size. [33], Schwimmer noted in 2002 that Erickson and Brochu's assumptions about growth rates are only valid if the osteodermal rings reflect annual periods, as they do in modern crocodilians. [32] Deinosuchus would probably have used the robust, flat teeth near the back of its jaws to crush the turtle shells. 1 Saltwater Crocodile. However, the largest fragmentary remains of D. riograndensis were 1.5 times the size of those of the average D. rugosus and it was determined that the largest individuals of this species may have been up to 12 meters (39 ft) in length and perhaps weighed as much as 8.5 metric tons (9.4 short tons). It is one the four extant species from the Americas which found across the world. [38], The species pertaining to Deinosuchus since the resurrection of the generic name in 1979 have been traditionally recognized as D. rugosus from Appalachia and the larger D. hatcheri/riograndensis from Laramidia, characterized by differences of the shape of their osteoderms and teeth. This was a completely different growth strategy than that of large dinosaurs, which reached adult size much more quickly and had shorter lifespans. You can gain more knowledge about Crocodile Species from this site. The bite force exerted by an adult Nile crocodile has been shown by Brady Barr to measure 22 kN (5,000 lbf). With one of the most powerful jaws on earth, the crocodile’s bite force measured 3,700 pounds per square inch. The most powerful bite recorded from a living animal belongs to the saltwater crocodile For the largest sharks, the maximum bite force prediction was … However, the muscles of the jaws are strong to close and weak for the opening. Nile Crocodile – Bite Force : 5000 psi. It may have also fed upon sea turtles, fish, and other aquatic and terrestrial prey. [19] A Deinosuchus osteoderm from the San Carlos Formation was also reported in 2006, so the giant crocodilian's range may have included parts of northern Mexico. They are capable of unleashing a devastating bite force of 16458.42 Newton per square inch (3700 psi) which is over 12 times more than humans (around 1300 Newton per square inch or 292.25 psi). Scroll this page down and get the details. [8] The bite force of Deinosuchus has been estimated to be 18,000 N (1,835 kgf; 4,047 lbf)[2] to 102,803 N (10,483 kgf; 23,111 lbf). [4], In 1858, geologist Ebenezer Emmons described two large fossil teeth found in Bladen County, North Carolina. Bite Force: 3700 to 7700 psi Average Size: 17 feet (male) Average Weight: 1,000 pounds Average Life Span: 70 years Found in: B rackish and fresh water in e astern India, southeast Asia and northern Australia The saltwater crocodile, the largest living crocodile on earth is the most likely animal to eat humans. The juveniles have dark cross banding on their back and tail. However, estimates of how large it really was have varied considerably over the years. Saltwater crocodile. [17] This is only slightly lower than previous estimates for the species. These are supposed to eat the varied diet as they have the broad snout. The crocs could grow to 43ft long and weigh 8.5 tons — and the team calculated its bite force was equal to 6.5 tons. The American Crocodiles are one of the larger species. Hippo vs Lion. [15][35] The genus name Phobosuchus, which was initially created by Baron Franz Nopcsa in 1924, has since been discarded because it contained a variety of different crocodilian species that turned out to not be closely related to each other. It mostly inhabits in the water such as river mouths, salt lakes, mangrove swamps, freshwater and sometimes found in the sea. [15] The teeth described by Emmons were thick, slightly curved, and covered with vertically grooved enamel; he assigned them a new species name, P. [23], The distribution of Deinosuchus specimens indicates these giant crocodilians may have preferred estuarine environments. [19] All known specimens of Deinosuchus were found in rocks dated to the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period. A reasonably well-preserved skull specimen discovered in Texas indicated the animal's head measured about 1.31 meters (4.3 ft), and its body length was estimated at 9.8 meters (32 ft). His estimates claim that the Sarcosuchus bite force could reach 80 kN, which is equivalent to about 8 tons of force, while the Deinosuchus could reach 10.5 tons/cm 2 (23 100 lbs)! Females reach their reproduction maturity at a length of about 2.8 m. The American crocodiles are not dangerous for the humans if you not provoked. The average length of the males is about 4.1 m long while females are smaller ranges between 3.8 m in length. Colbert and Bird stated this was a "conservative" reconstruction, since an even greater length could have been obtained if a long-skulled modern species, such as the saltwater crocodile had been used as the template. Excavation at the site, carried out by W.H. [5][32], Schwimmer concluded in 2002 that the feeding patterns of Deinosuchus most likely varied by geographic location; the smaller Deinosuchus specimens of eastern North America would have been opportunistic feeders in an ecological niche similar to that of the modern American alligator. (2013) noted that D. rugosus is dubious due to its holotype teeth being undiagnostic, and recommended using Deinosuchus hatcheri for Deinosuchus material from Laramidia, while stressing that cranial Deinosuchus material from Appalachia has not been described.[41]. A person by hold their jaws shut down and even larger crocodiles can bring under control by binding by their jaws together. Two holes in the premaxilla in front of the nares are present in this genus and are unique autapomorphies not seen in other crocodilians, but nothing is known at present regarding their function. The extraordinary bite of crocodilians is explained by … I especially like that just by obtaining a crocodile's bite force you could calculate its weight. [15], Numerous additional specimens of Deinosuchus were discovered over the next several decades. [5] In 2003, Christopher A. Brochu agreed that Deinosuchus "probably dined on ornithopods from time to time. [14][15] Deep pits and grooves on these osteoderms served as attachment points for connective tissue. American Crocodile all information is available here like scientific name, size, weight, total population, bite force, characteristics, diet, facts, habitat, lifespan, and reproduction. https://nedhardy.com/2020/04/18/which-animal-has-the-strongest-bite The crocodiles get the force from the jaw muscles and exert a huge pressure to lock their food in their jaws. In the 1970s, the population of the American crocodiles is about only a few hundred. Utterback, yielded further fossils, including additional osteoderms, as well as vertebrae, ribs, and a pubis. Since a majority of fatal attacks are believed to be predatory in nature, the Nile crocodile can be considered the most prolific predator of humans among wild animals. Stanton. Average of 1766kg / cm2. The environment conditions also affect the age of the animals that are living in the wild habitat. 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